The Role and Value of Music and Movement in the Early Years

A theoretical perspective of the role and value of Music and Movement in the Early Years Music has always been a part of life, there are many theories regarding when and where music originated. Many agree that music began even before man existed. Historiographers point out that there are six periods of music and each period has a particular style of music that greatly contributed to what music is today. (http://musiced.about.com/od/beginnersguide/a/intro.htm, para 4, Music History 101 Introduction to Music Education, by Espie Estrella) It is found in every known culture, past and present, wavering strongly between times and places. Music has become a part of life as opportunities are provided for experiences in singing, responding physically to different rhythms, creative expression, playing instruments and quiet listening. Music helps children to understand other people and their cultures and gives increased opportunities for social and emotional development as well as a means for aesthetic enrichment and growth of every child. (Edwards, Bayless Ramsey, 2009. p.xxi). Young children are action orientated. Music and movement experiences should be provided and enjoyed in the classroom. It can be beneficial for shy children to play with musical ideas in small groups. Since children are young and are not good at being quiet, they need the freedom to make a joyful noise by singing, playing instruments and making up sing songs and chants as they play and work. Through music andShow MoreRelatedThe Power And Influence Of Gospel Music On The American Civil Rights Movement1594 Words   |  7 PagesGospel Music on the American Civil Rights Movement For centuries, Gospel music has influenced and promoted African-American social, moral and ethical values, playing an imperative role in modelling their past and future. Originating from the hardships of slavery and the strength of Christian worship, Gospel music has adapted to musical tastes through the development of a number of sub-genres, while retaining its moral and spiritual framework. Throughout its musical history, Gospel music has hadRead MoreARTS 125 Week 5 Assignment Art And Culture Paper858 Words   |  4 Pagesmade its way on to the art scene in the 1820’s and has taken leaps and bounds to establish itself as fine art The evolutions of styles are also examined. The role of diversity in the development of the arts and how it changed throughout the 20th century is examined. The role of women and their influence on the various arts is discussed. The role of ethnic minorities and their influence on the various arts is examined. The relationship between art and po pular culture and how this developed duringRead MoreBob Dylans The Sixties Counterculture1622 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand the sixties counterculture, we must understand the important role of Bob Dylan. His lyrics fueled the rebellious youth in America. Songs such as â€Å"Blowin’ in the Wind† and â€Å"The Times are A-Changin† made him favorable to anti-war demonstrators and supporters of the Civil Rights movement. He was commonly hailed as the spokesman for his generation. Dylan used lyrics to allow the youth to find their own form of counter-culture. The youth generation began to see the effects racism, war, etcRead MoreBob Marley And The Wailers1654 Words   |  7 PagesReggae is a music genre that evolved from the Jamaican music style called ska, and was influenced by American rhythm and blues. Reggae contains many references Rastafarianism, which many consider the result of Bob Marley’s practice of integrating reggae with Rastafarian ideolo gy. This paper serves to examine reggae, with special emphasis on a lyric analysis of Jamaican reggae band Bob Marley and the Wailers. The major question this paper addresses the social context that led to the dominance ofRead MorePunk Rock Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pageslargely underground music scene with a reliance on a rejection of societies norms, dismissal of capitalism and consumption, heavy reliance on community, and a strong attitude of do-it-yourself and self-empowerment, punk continues to have a large influence on the contemporary music scene. Punk rock, however, has faced issues when dealing with concepts of sex and gender. Bands within the scene are usually composed of males, women are objectified in song lyrics, and masculine values like aggressivenessRead MorePunk Rock Is A Unique And Changing Musical Genre1700 Words   |  7 Pages1970s. A great music scene with a reliance on rejecting the norms of societies, defiance of capitalism and consumption, heavy reliance on community, and a strong attitude of do-it-yourself and self-empowerment, punk continues to have a large influence on the contemporary music scene. Punk rock, however, has faced problems when dealing with the ideals of sex and gender. Bands within the scene are usually composed of males, women are objectified in song lyrics, and masculine values like aggressivenessRead MoreEssay on Goth: A Satirical Subculture1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbegan as a more romantic or literary offshoot of the Punk movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s. Punk itself was a rejection of most of society’s values, and the Gothic movement is no different. As Punk died in the early 1980s, Goth survived and grew into its own subculture, originally keeping the core rejection of society attitude. As time passed, this attitude transformed into more of a â€Å"no more blind acceptance of societal values† instead of rejection for its own sake. The first useRead MoreMusic as Art. My Favorite Music Style.1147 Words   |  5 PagesMusic as art. My favorite music style. Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence that are organized in time in a special way. Its common elements are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. In the historical context the development of music is inseparable from the active development of person’s sensory abilities. Course of the auditory development of theRead MoreThe Youth Oriented Hip Hop Movement1498 Words   |  6 Pages and the dominant culture. People who have similar characteristics or similar experiences are, according to Jacobson (2009, p. 11), more likely to â€Å"†¦unite in opposition to the dominant culture†. A music genre that distinctly demonstrates such is the hip-hop movement. The youth-oriented hip-hop movement finds its significance in the lives of African-American youths in urban working class settings and their resistance to authority, as well as allowing them to voice their identity and address commonRead MoreHip Hop Culture Then Vs. Now1548 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop Culture Then Vs. Now Hip-hop is an underground urban movement which emerged in the South Bronx, NY during the early 1970s. Hip-hop is composed of four basic elements; DJ-ing, emceeing (rapping), graffiti and style, and break dancing. These elements are how most people recognize hip-hop culture. Many other people think of hip-hop as just a music genre, but it is more than just a music genre. It is cultivating way of living, and several people fail to understand its true meaning

Patients With Alzheimer s Disease - 1018 Words

I would advocate for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. According to Burns and Iliffe (2009), Alzheimer’s is a â€Å"chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder† that is characterized primarily by symptoms of memory loss (p. 467). Those affected with this disorder often have behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and problems with activities of daily living. Alzheimer’s disease destroys the nerve cells and tissues in the brain; in advanced stages, the brain shrinks a drastic amount. The Alzheimer’s Association (n.d.) states that this disease â€Å"remains one of the most critical public health issues in America.† Alzheimer’s patients’ overall health is at risk. Because this disease affects the brain, several cognitive functions are†¦show more content†¦According to Hoyert and Rosenberg (1997), Alzheimer’s â€Å"complicates [the] treatment of other medical conditions† (p. 112). Patient’s behavior is sometimes unpredictable, which can make it difficult for health care providers to provide quality care. The patient may be willing to participate in a particular health related action and then suddenly be very resistant. It may be hard for healthcare providers to create a health plan that patients will consistently follow. Patients with Alzheimer’s may also forget to take a medication that may be necessary to the treatment of illness. Alzheimer’s patients overall sense of well-being is also at risk. According to Burkhardt Nathaniel (2007), dementia â€Å"often causes emotion, relational, and financial strain for the [patients and] ca regivers† (p. 436). Caring for patients with dementia can be very stressful, and if families feel that they cannot properly care for the affected patient, they may send them to a long-term care facility. Burns and Iliffe (2009) suggest that sudden changes in the living environment can agitate behavioral symptoms of the disease. The patient is then at an increased risk for feelings of â€Å"social isolation† (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2007, p. 436) and depression (Burns Iliffe, 2009, p. 471). When I was a young child, I saw the effects of this illness on my entire family as my great-grandmother suffered from Alzheimer’s. In high school, I volunteered at a nursing home in the Alzheimer’s and

Social Work Report to Court for Megalo Drug Advisory Service

Question: Discuss about theSocial Work Report to Court for Megalo Drug Advisory Service. Answer: Brief Background Information on Heidi reveals that she has been suffering from issues related to substance abuse. Heidi has been involved in drugs due to which she has been sentenced. However, changes in behaviour can overall help in improving such addictions. It is required that the court should consider that she has already started the program and following it stringently. She has been taking part in the methadone program which can help and support her in getting rid of her substance abuse issues. The heroine is a dangerous drug and its overdose can also lead towards the death of individuals. As of now, a total of 5 urine samples has confirmed that Heidi has been involved in the drug abuse. The purpose of this report is to present a court report on the selected client. As a social worker of a parenting support and education program for parents who are young, the aim will lie in dealing with individuals who have substance abuse issues. Heidi has attended the program for 2 sessions for half day each week as she started the program on methadone just six weeks before her sentence. Record of Contact Heidi was presented to the Megalo Drug Advisory Service on the 08-04-2018. The initial contact with Heidi was followed by a total of 12 more contacts which comprises of two half-day long sessions on a weekly basis (Executive, 2012). It was found that Heidi has been constantly willing as well as motivated to utilize the six-week long methadone program that can be used by her to overcome the substance abuse program. Heidi is a parent of a young child namely Kelly, a 3-year-old. It was identified that she was highly oriented to attend the drug abuse program which can improve her basic lifestyle as well as improve the daily habits (Fisher Harrison, 2012). Heidi has been charged with theft and use of illegal opioids such as heroin as one of the examples. The lack of self-control and self-ability to overcome the addiction resulted in Heidi to identify that that overcoming the addiction on her own will not be possible. It becomes essential to consider that the Heidi was engaged in theft as well. Social background Heidi is a young parent of one 3-year-old child. Heidi is responsible for not only taking care of but also for the wellbeing of her 3-year-old daughter namely Kelly (Hamilton, 1942). Apart from which, Heidi lives with her husband who is a project manager due to which he requires to spend over 15 days outside of the documented residence in a month due to which Heidi becomes responsible for domestic as well as her personal career, and works related to daughter. It was found that Heidi grew up in an upstate area but soon after the birth of her daughter, her father died of lung cancer and the entire family experiences a phase of loss and sadness. However, Heidi did not receive any counselling or joined any support group to deal with the grief, as a result, she developed depression that prevented her to enjoy the most joyful moments of the life (McLellan et al, 1997). This is when she recognized some of her colleagues use heroin periodically to overcome the negative feelings. However, as evident heroin is an addicting illicit drug which poses risk to the wellbeing itself of Heidi. It was found that the Heidi was involved in the abuse of heroin as she became aware of the numbing and memory distorting effect it can have on the user (Kandel, 2002). However, since the first drug abuse instance, Heidi has reported being unable to controlling herself and distancing from the drugs. Furthermore, the lack of self-control results in Heidi to steal goods from the local store as well. While she used to inform her husband about all aspects of life, she did not disclose the developed addiction until the first encounter with the treatment services. Education and Work Experience Heidi holds a graduate degree from the University of Canyon in business administration. Heidi was employed by the McKinsey Company as an associate consultant (Nelson-Zlupko et al, 1995). However, the work requires Heidi holds total 4 years of work experience post the graduation. Despite the high scores in the schooling, Heidi was unaware of the risks that illicit drug use can pose especially upon the first drug abuse instance. Drug history The workplace of Heidi comprised of high disposable income earners due to which some of the recently hired employees introduced Heidi to the heroine. However, soon after the onset of addiction, Heidi lost her job due to being unable to reach the office in a timely manner and lack of focus or task orientation in the workplace (Rod et al, 2015). It can be presumed that while members of the workplace did not identify the drug abuse problem, Heidi was on drugs during the last days at her workplace as a consequence. Heidi has realized her mistakes and focuses on joining another market research firm that has invited Heidi for the interview (OHare, 2005). The drug history of Heidi is relatively short as comprises of over 2 months of duration. However, this duration of drug abuse has posed surmounting problems to Heidi. Health Heidis health has been deteriorating. Her mental health is not as it should be for a young parent. She is suffering from depression and has stress due to her financial situations and her bad habit. Heidi after losing her father did not attend any counselling as well. This, in turn, made her further depressed because she was closely attached to her father. After the birth of her child, she continued growing weak physically. She has never resorted to exercising or changing her daily routine (Saleebey, 2012). Her routine does not offer her time to rejuvenate or be relieved of stress. She does not have a clear focus on her health physically or mentally. Also, due to the continued financial stress, Heidi has been further involved in being depressed. Financial Situation Heidi is not a single parent but most of her time, her husband is not in the city most of the time. Her husband earns average and the earnings that she makes are mostly used to maintaining the house and her childrens school fees (Ungar, 2004). Heidi does not have any accumulated wealth. She has not inherited from her paternal home. She has a weak financial background implying she does not even have sufficient money on most days to fill her stomach. However, her habit of drug abuse has further deteriorated her situation (Best et al, 2016). She hasnt paid for the school fees or her home bills. Her husband has been bringing the finances but they are now consumed in the treatment of their child who is suffering from chronic asthma and other bronchial issues. Professional assessment She was continuously depressed and stressed out. Even though she has a graduate degree and used to love studies but still now she does not have the energy to continue training herself professionally (Csiernik Rowe, 2017). Since the past 6 months, she stopped going to work because her substance abuse issue was brought to the forefront. Conclusion and recommendation It has been identified from the assessment that death of the father followed by lack of support or availability by the husband has placed increasing pressure on Heidi to take care of her own employment, domestic chores and education of her daughter. Moreover, the peer pressure from the newly hired employed at her workplace resulted in Heidi to try and become addicted to heroin. However, after the 2 months of drug abuse, she has recognized the problem, joined the methadone program and seeks further employment. Recommended action would be to assess Heidis behaviour. A brief community service can be given for the action of theft committed by her. Reflection I have always been a follower of ethics and while writing this report as well, ethical considerations were kept at the forefront. Furthermore, social justice and human rights issues were also ensured to be taken into consideration. I was motivated to choose this case as I could relate to the family oriented background of Heidi. I knew little about the human rights issue experienced by Heidi and that social justice will also be delivered to her. As Heidi is engaged in substance abuse, she is still to be viewed from the perspective of a human who has rights and these rights need to be respected and she should have the ability to exercise such rights. Heidi has been involved in misconduct due to her substance abuse problem. Being a young parent, she needs to acknowledge her responsibilities towards her family. Ethical considerations in this regard are therefore essential because all the personal information has been presented of Heidi in the report. However, the information has been presented in a way that it does not bring forward any ethical dilemma. Preserving the information of the client in a secure manner is one of the ethical considerations required to be made so that no one else has the ability to access it if they are not authorized. This is critical to consider as the human rights requie consideration to not only the gender, race, sexuality and poverty but also on the general impact of life. Therefore, it is important that human rights for Heidi are considered to minimize the impact on her life. Social justice issues were to be dealt with because as a new parent, Heidi has now adopted a suitable path towards her recovery. Her recovery will not be successful if she does not have the will or belief in the social justice system. The perspective of social justice was also kept in mind because it is not liable to offend the court in any manner. Heidis human rights were preserved moreover by allowing her to be independent and to let her lead her case by offering examples such as a change in her social behaviour and changes to her attitudes. References Best, D., Beckwith, M., Haslam, C., Alexander Haslam, S., Jetten, J., Mawson, E., Lubman, I. (2016). Overcoming alcohol and other drug addiction as a process of social identity transition: the social identity model of recovery (SIMOR).Addiction Research Theory,24(2), 111-123. Csiernik, R., Rowe, W. S. (Eds.). (2017).Responding to the oppression of addiction:Canadian social work perspectives. Canadian Scholars Press. Executive, S. (2012). " It's everyone's job to make sure I'm alright"-Report of the Child Protection Audit and Review. Fisher, G. L., Harrison, T. C. (2012).Substance abuse: Information for school counselors,social workers, therapists and counselors. Pearson Higher Ed. Hamilton, G. (1942).Theory and practice of social case work. New York School of Social Work. Kandel, D. B. (Ed.). (2002).Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis. Cambridge University Press. McLellan, A. T., Cacciola, J. S., Zanis, D. (1997). The addiction severity index-lite.Center for the Studies on Addiction, University of Pennsylvania/Philadelphia VA Medical Center. Nelson-Zlupko, L., Kauffman, E., Dore, M. M. (1995). Gender differences in drug addiction and treatment: Implications for social work intervention with substance-abusing women.Social work,40(1), 45-54. O'Hare, T. (2005).Evidence-based practices for social workers: An interdisciplinary approach. Lyceum Books, Incorporated. Rod, M. H., Jhncke, S., Steffen, V., Raahauge, K. M. (2015). The social life of evidence: Rationalizing professional practice in the welfare state.Between Magic and Rationality: On the Limits of Reason in the Modern World,4, 43. Saleebey, D. (2012).The strengths perspective in social work practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Ungar, M. (2004). Surviving as a postmodern social worker: Two ps and three rs of direct practice.Social work,49(3), 488-496.

Tiger Woods Essay Example For Students

Tiger Woods Essay Tiger WoodsTigers Real Name: Eldrick Woods. The nick-name Tiger was given to him by his father. Its the same nick-name ofa South Vietnamese combat buddy, Nguyen Phong, who saved Tigers fathers life afew times in the Vietnam War. Rumor had it that Tiger was planning to official change his name to Tiger Woodswhen he turned 21 this past December but sources say he didnt do it for somereason. We will write a custom essay on Tiger Woods specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Tigers Dad: Green Beret Lieutenant Colonel Earl Woods served 2 Tours of Duty inthe Vietnam War. Tigers Mother: Kultida (Tida) Woods. Her maiden name is Kultida Punsawad. Tigers parents met in Bangkok, Thailand. They got married in 1969. Tiger Born: December 30, 1975 Long Beach, California. Tiger now lives in a new home in Isleworth, Florida. Near the west side ofOrlando. Tiger moved to Florida because of the great golf weather and because heis always flying and time zone changes tired him out as he alway lost time whenhaving to fly back to California. Tigers Ethnicity: African, Thai, Chinese, American Indian, and European. Tigers Religion: Tiger believes in Buddism. Not every aspect, but most of it. Tiger was 11-months old when he first started swinging a sawed off golf club inhis garage. Some sources say he was actually 10-months old. Tigers Education: In the 7th grade Tiger had a GPA of 3.86! (Now theres thereal important stuff.)Tiger spent 2 years at Stanford University in California majoring in Business. Tiger has 2 half brothers and 1 half sister from his fathers first marriage. Tiger loves McDonalds (CheeseBurgers) and Taco Bell. Tigers Caddy (Guy who carries Tigers clubs for him): Mike Fluff Cowan, usedto caddy for another pro, Peter Jacobsen. Tigers Driver (Big Golf Club) is only 43-inches long, an inch shorter than mostclubs used by other professionals. Tigers Driver Club head is moving at an average speed of 122 mph at impact withthe ball. Tiger uses a soft-covered three piece golf ball. My source says he uses theTitleist Pro 100. Others say he also uses the Titleist Pro 90. Tiger has a 35-inch sleeve length. (I know everything!)Tiger has a 28-inch waist size. (Hes much stronger than he looks!)Tigers Golf Coach: Butch HarmonTigers Agent: Hughes Norton of International Management GroupMost Recent Award: ESPY (ESPN) Award Breakthrough Athlete of the YearTiger is working on 2 golf books with Warner-Books hes getting paid $2.2Million for them. Tigers first professional win was the 1996 Las Vegas Invitational. He won$297,000. Tigers Girlfriend: NONE. Actually, rumor has it that Tyra Banks (TheSuperModel) is interested in him. Its was rumored that Kelli Kuehne (Greatyoung female golfer that Tiger played with at the JCPenney Classic) might be inthe running but Ive been told that she just got engaged to someone else. Tigercontinues to suggest that he wants to stay single though. Tiger Woods is Michael Jordans hero!This is a quote from Michael Jordan that is taken from the book Tiger Woods TheMakings of a Champion, by Tim Rosaforte. I admire Tiger for what hes done thus far because for so long it was truly agame that a lot of minorities couldnt play so in that sense hes carrying anextra burden along with him, to succeed and expand across all racial barriers.To this quote author Tim Rosaforte added,I admire him, too, for establishing a new plateau, a higher ground, if you will. I really do believe he was put here for a bigger reason than just to play golf. I dont think that he is a god, but I do believe that he was sent by One.

Deconstruction of Magazine Article Essay Example

Deconstruction of Magazine Article Essay Certain techniques of language and layout structures are often utilised in a variety of written media, such as magazines, books and newspapers, in order to manipulate the target audience’s opinions and beliefs. A journalist and their article’s motives can be deconstructed by considering five specific areas: the purpose and message of the article, the target audience and their susceptibility to persuasion, the language techniques being used, the bias of the article and lastly, the tone of the article and the audiences’ reactions. The article ‘Rainbows for Kate’, written by Di Webster (March 6th 2008, Marie Claire magazine), will be analysed for its construction within the boundaries of these areas. In order to persuade a certain group of people, a journalist must construct an article with a direct purpose and with a message. ‘Rainbows for Kate’ was written with the intent to inform readers of how friendship is very strong and is always with you when times get hard. The authors viewpoint is clear as every paragraph she talks about the meaning of life, love and friendship. This article is about how two friends come together from another mutual friend and discuss these three things. The ideal reader of this text would feel sympathy and understand why the writer would want to write this article. Instead of directing an article to the general public, a journalist must select a target demographic in order to successfully market the article and its ideas to a narrower, more specific group of people. ‘Rainbow for Kate’ was published in the middle of Marie Claire, spreading from page 102 – 106. We will write a custom essay sample on Deconstruction of Magazine Article specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Deconstruction of Magazine Article specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Deconstruction of Magazine Article specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As it was published in Marie Claire, this indicates that the target demographic for the article is an older group of people. More specifically, the target audience includes ambitious, kind hearted adults aged 25 and above, who enjoy life and no matter what life throughs at them they will always keep positive and take it on and all it has to offer. The target demographic is also for an older person as they understand and can relate themselves to this article. They would be easily persuaded because everyone has had an experience with cancer, not necessarily themselves but a family member or a friend and would therefore be sympathetic. It is published in a respectable magazine with an informative and emotional tone; therefore they would not question the journalist’s article. If it were published in a different type of magazine with an alternative reputation, such as Cleo or Cosmopolitan, it would attract a different sort of audience and would also not be accepted so readily. It is the subject matter that appeals to the target demographic, rather than the language. The ideas introduced and discussed in the article, such as what is life all about, why do bad things happen to good people, is there a reason? All these topics interest the target audience. The layout of the article also assists in persuading the readers. The main picture, which spreads across two pages, is a colourful, very bright, has pictures of the friends and all the sketches of what the sass and bide collection is about. These pictures, paintings and clippings further enhance the title, which suggests that grieving in a colourful manner and using friendship as an inspiration is a great way to deal with a loss. In order to further persuade the target demographic, the journalist has incorporated several language techniques in order to convince the reader of just how genuine the friendship and love was in the article. In several sections of the article, quotes and things people did were included in the text. An example of this is when the husband of the lady that is dying says what he loved about his wife. The lady’s friend then goes on to back up his stories. Throughout the article the designer from sass and bide talks about how much she connected with the sick lady and how she cant stop thinking about what they discussed. However, not all techniques and aspects which construct an article are visible to the naked eye. One of the most commonly used techniques is the bias of one side, at the exclusion of another. The excluded opinions are often referred to as the gaps and silences, or silenced voices. In this article, the main excluded groups are the educational toys’ spokesperson or manufacturer, parents, users of educational products and also experts on the positives and negatives of the products’ use. While the article promotes attention and extended physical contact between parents and babies, it does not mention any negatives, or the possibility of giving too much attention. By not including these opinions and ideas or the positives of educational products, a strong biased is created. As there is only one side presented, readers often base their opinions on these facts and points, and do not resist what is being offered. However, not all techniques and aspects which construct an article are visible to the naked eye. One of the most commonly used techniques is the bias of one side, at the exclusion of another. The excluded opinions are often referred to as the gaps and silences, or silenced voices. In this article, there are no main groups excluded groups. All the necessary people to do with the story are mentioned. The text also does not mention any negatives. However, it would defeat the purpose of the article if there were but fortunately there are not any. In conclusion, many techniques and strategies are employed by journalists when writing and producing articles. Articles are written with a strong purpose, and are often written in order to manipulate the readers’ opinions. This can be done through bias, gaps and silences, the targeting of a specific demographic and also the tone it is written in. It is important to remain unaffected by the article, and to critically observe it through different viewpoints.

The poor girl Essay Example

The poor girl Essay Example The poor girl Paper The poor girl Paper Then I realised my own mum saw her just two weeks ago and she was also responsible for her death and could have helped her. The thing that bothered me was that she didnt even really even care that much; she was that kind of cold hearted person. Anyway it turned out while working at the committee that she was prejudiced against her case and did not help her. Mum hardly cared, I was quite shaken and upset and that was before I heard that she was pregnant; and thats not all mum knew it! Mum also shared her views with other people in the committee so that there was no one there to help the poor girl. I still cant forget the words: go look for the farther of the child it is his responsibility. It was so terrible I was trying to get over something and then another thing started! I would never look at my mum the same way as I used to; I knew that she was cold hearted but not to that extent. There was more to it though, she said that she werent responsible and said that the girl told us that the father was the one mainly in charge and that she would not marry him because he was a young, silly, wild and drank too much. For a moment I was a little bit more relieved knowing that it wasnt all her fault as I previously did. Daisy was also surprisingly enough to me getting money from her but not excepting it because it was stolen! I was quite contented; she would rather live penniless then have stolen money. Mum then said that the father was a drunken, young idler thats all the more reason why she could not escape and rounded it off by saying if the death is anyones fault it is his. I felt that everything was going wrong for the whole family and then thought of Eric and later realised that he was the one, he was in charge; it just suddenly sprung into my mind. I was so distressed and then tried to tell mum what I had just realised. It was so awful trying to tell mum who it was especially after all the stuff she had been saying, she found it really hard to believe but then accepted it. Later on Eric came in all pale and distressed, he understood what we all found out about him and we all just looked at him with our inquiring stares. It was quite a sad moment we were angry with him, shocked and in a way I felt a little bit sorry for him. The inspector started to ask Eric some questions. After mum heard what Eric had to say she acknowledged the fact that all of it was true. She was about to break down so I had to take her out of the room. But later she just came back in curious to know what was going on. Apparently we were told by dad that Eric had admitted he was responsible and had stolen money from the office, fifty pounds! He said that he was meant to pay it back but I was not sure whether to believe him or not. A lot more dreadful things would happen later, it turned out that there was a big argument between mum and Eric I was feeling scared and wanted it to stop Eric was blaming everything on mum. He was saying the most horrid things like mum killed her and mum killed her own grand child; Erics son. The whole thing just came to an end with the words of the inspector: stop he said in such a compelling way that everybody did. Finally it came to an end he said he has found everything he needed to know and said that each and everyone of you were in charge of helping the girl die and not only that but he told us never to forget it and rounded it of by saying that my mum had the power to stop this from happening and she didnt. I think it was a kind of way to say that she was responsible mostly. To make us never forget this he tells each of us how badly we treated the girl it was really distressing. He then spoke out his final words which were very strong, powerful and deep and said there are many people still out there just like Eva Smith. He then walked out and slammed the door and that was it he had gone. I was still quietly crying thinking over and over again why did this happen? Then Eric and dad just started of worrying about the money stolen and it looked like they tried to pretend that nothing happened. No one learned anything from their mistakes.  I then started to think of the actual inspector; was he who we though he was? I didnt really think it mattered but I was just interested to find out. My dad said though that was really important to see if he was but I disagreed. I felt he was just not trying to face the facts. At the end of the day it doesnt matter if he was a police inspector or not the point is that he made us confess what we did wrong. Then we all started to talk about the police inspector; how strange he was. And then Gerald walked in I told him that we all got in trouble and then we all continued talking about how strange he was until Gerald comes up with something. We all waited for him to say it and stared at him. He said slowly that he wasnt a police inspector he sounded quite sure. There was even more evidence, he said he met a police sergeant and asked him if he knew an inspector Goole. Gerald described the chap to him and the sergeant said that he swore there was no one of that name or like him on the force. My dad then rang the chief constable to once more make sure, there was no inspector by the name of Goole. Everybody was a bit happier but I still thought in the end we all were responsible for a young girls death. I supported Eric at this time he said what I thought and what the rest dont understand that the girl is still dead and they are pretending that she isnt.  After a while of constant arguing Gerald comes up with something. He thought that the there was no real Eva Smith who changed her name to Daisy Renton and committed suicide. All he thought was that he was taking about different girls and that the photos were shown individually because of that reason. I was a bit less sad but I still could not forget the fact that all of us said what actually happened. Then Gerald phoned the infirmary to make sure there was no girl who committed suicide in the infirmary, as we waited patiently it was not true there was no dead girl there. I and Eric was still upset because we still did wrong things and we were aware of the consequences- at the end of the day we still harmed people and it was something that could have been real. I could still remember the inspector, his eyes how he glanced upon me, his voice, how he made me feel, his presence, all of it frightened me still. Everyone was happy again, smiling, triumphing and Gerald trying to propose to me again by saying its all over! But obviously I thought it was too soon and had to think about it. Everyone was laughing thinking that it was stupid and being amused until all the cheerfulness from everyone got interrupted by the ringing, the ringing of the phone. Dad picked the phone up; everyone was waiting anxiously due to all the events that took place. There was a deadly silence, I got scared. Dad put the phone down to say the fateful news. It was the police, a girl died in the infirmary after swallowing some disinfectant and a police inspector is on his way. That guilty conscience started to get bigger but the atmosphere was not only surrounded with that but also confusion and terror. My heart started to race up again, I was worried, I panicked and was confused. I thought of the situation again trying to make sense it just startled me even more. How did the so called inspector no about Eva!!?!

The concept of power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The concept of power - Essay Example Mistrust among nations, fear of attack by other nations, breaking of international agreements by some nations and urge to establish supremacy over other countries had continued unabated even after the Second World War leading to cold war among nations. The most unwanted result of this mad military race among nations was the diversion of public welfare funds to create nuclear weapons. Now, the concept of power had crossed all boundaries and reached the ultimate to convey the special meaning of an irrepressible nuclear power. More power means nature that is more destructive. All most all countries are afraid of USA. Why The answer lies in the naked truth that this country possesses most of the world's nuclear bombs and weapons indicating that it is more destructive than any other country. Unfortunately, the concept of power had also taken away the discretionary powers of these nuclear powers due to their "Power is something of which I am convinced there is no innocence this side of the womb," says Nadine Gordimer, South Africa's well-acclaimed novelist (Internet, quotations). Russian socialist theoretician Mikhail Bakunin comes out very strong on the concept of power: "The instinct to command others, in its primitive essence, is a carnivorous, altogether bestial and savage instinct. Under the influence of the mental development of man, it takes on a somewhat more ideal form and becomes somewhat ennobled, presenting itself as the instrument of reason and the devoted servant of that abstraction, or political fiction, which is called the public good. But in its essence it remains just as baneful, and it becomes even more so when, with the application of science, it extends its scope and intensifies the power of its action. If there is a devil in history, it is this power principle" (Internet, Mikhail ). People normally talk about the concept of power in terms of theoretical sense. Practically speaking, power is nothing but a state of commanding others to do certain things, though the methods of commanding vary from person to person and from country to country. When it comes to international relations, the meaning of power assumes serious dimensions. In the international arena, power is interpreted as the capacity of a country to dictate terms to other 3 countries. The Great Britain used its power once and ruled most of the world for more than two centuries. Now USA has been using its power to dominate and control most of the world. The great Mahabharata war occurred centuries ago because of the power struggle among Pandava and Kaurava brothers. Nowadays, in most of the third world countries, joint families are breaking up due to power struggle between brothers for controlling the family properties. The break up of the Ambani family controlling India's number one industrial empire, known as the Reliance Group, is the most recent example of a power struggle. The source for any power struggle normally generates in the people's urge to dominate others and control things at their will and pleasure. When you extend this analogy to countries in international relations, the comparison throws up innumerable similarities. A country

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human resource management - Essay Example Job analysis refers to the process of identifying and determining  various job duties and requirements as well as the significant role that the duties have in any particular job (Brannick and Levine, 2002, p 48). One aspect of substantive importance about job analysis is that it is solely on jobs rather than the persons in the different positions in different jobs. The major role played by job analysis is to establish the relation in employment procedures in particular recruitment and selection process. By such analysis, one is able to make a description and specification for determining the best place individual to get the job and perform the associated tasks and responsibilities (Brannick and Levine, 2002, p 61). Job analysis, therefore, is the cornerstone of Human Resource Management in the sense that it provides employers with a critical understanding of the requirements of a particular job and make a selection the most appropriate individual to take such a job and contribute towards the enhancement of performance of an organization, aimed towards the realization of success. A competent employee in the right job is the greatest achievement of Human Resource Management towards the implementation of organizational strategies for the realization of success (Brannick and Levine, 2002, p

Negative Feedback Essay Example for Free

Negative Feedback Essay Negative feedback is the process by which the outputs tend to reduce the inputs, which causes the system to stabilize. It is found in many functions that organisms carry out on a daily basis, most notably homeostasis. Negative feedback can be seen during the menstrual cycle, during days 5-10 oestrogen levels slowly rise, this increase causes the release of the hormones FSH and LH to be inhibited. Also in low concentrations progesterone has a negative feedback effect on FSH, this means that more follicles cant be stimulated during the second half of the cycle. Moreover, once levels of progesterone are high, it inhibits the production of the hormone LH, meaning the corpus luteum is no longer stimulated to make progesterone, so it could be said that progesterone effectively turns itself off unless pregnancy occurs. Negative feedback can also be witnessed in childhood growth, the pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone, which is used to create the materials necessary to grow. The amount of TSH produced is controlled by negative feedback. Homeostasis, or the maintenance of a constant internal environment is also mainly controlled by negative feedback. For example, thermoregulation works because if the temperature falls below normal the body will initiate a response such as shivering, however as the temperature returns to normal the corrective mechanism will be reduced. Similarily negative feedback also controls Osmoregulation, if osmoreceptors detect change in the concentration of the blood, for example it may be too high the hormone ADH is released which targets the distal convulated tubule, causing it to become more permeable to water so that more is reabsorbed into the blood, reducing the concentration. Negative feedback is also a crucial part of controlling blood glucose levels, for example if the islets of Langerhans detect a fall in blood glucose levels, the alpha cells release glucagon, which in turn activates the conversion of glycogen to glucose within cells so it can be released in to the blood. As the levels of glucose in the blood increase the amount of glucagon released will decrease until it reaches normal. Negative feedback is an essential process that helps regulate many of the processes that enable us to live.

Management Information System In Toyota Management Essay

Management Information System In Toyota Management Essay Toyota has established new areas for development through innovations made in their management information systems assigned for shipment. The company is functioning all over the world with clients and global leaders to enhance the process of shipment. To attain this, Toyota looked to analyze present shipment systems utilizing their clients as well as data from other organizations. Pursuing these enhancements to shipment systems was a tremendous development area for Toyota, since they were able to improve their client base and the needs of present clients. The usage of management information systems and networking were critical to aiding the company to attain success in enhancing its shipment systems Not only do the MIS systems of Toyota enable the gathering of huge amounts of business information, but they also offer a significant time saving advantage to the employees. Where in the past business data of Toyota had to be manually analyzed for documentation and analysis it can now be keyed in immediately and comfortably onto a computer by a data processor, enabling quicker decision making and more immediate reflexes for the company in its entirety. . To attain effective MIS, Toyotas planning procedure involves taking into account the MIS needs at the strategic levels. For instance, at the strategic stage MIS systems and reports of Toyota helps the yearly operating scheme and budgetary procedures of the company. They are also utilized in support of the future strategic MIS and business preparation activities. Without the establishment of an efficient MIS, it will be difficult for Toyota to evaluate and check the effectiveness of new activities and the development of current programs. Two basic instances of this would be the handling of mergers and partnerships or the consistent progress and the integration of new products and services. Introduction The business setting is characterized by intense competition. As a result, organizations have to provide clients with effective and dependable service. If they fail to do so, clients will transfer to more client efficient organizations. In addition, as organizations increase in size, it becomes more difficult to monitor the increasing level of client data. If an organization does a terrible job of managing and maintaining client accounts and information, it can lead to issues for both the organization and the client. This essay will concentrate on Toyota, and the way the company enhanced its customer service and minimized expenses by enhancing its management information system (MIS). References used involved business articles and websites with facts and discussion on Toyota. Defining of Concept: Management Information System (MIS) A management information system (MIS) pertains to a subcategory of the total inner controls of an organization encompassing the application of individuals, information, technologies, and processes by accountants to resolve business issues like putting a value on a commodity, service or a business plan. Management information systems are different from ordinary information systems in that they are utilized to study other information systems used in functional tasks in the company. Academically, MIS is normally utilized to pertain to the cluster of information management processes connected to the automation or assistance of individual decision making (Clarke, 2007). At the beginning, in companies and other firms, internal documentation was done manually and only quarterly, as an output of the accounting system and with some extra figures, and provided limited and disrupted the data on management performance. In the past, information had to be isolated individually by the people as per the need and policy of the company. Eventually, data and information was differentiated and rather than the gathering of mass of information, significant and accurate information that was needed by the company was the only one saved (Laudon, 2007). In their early years of existence, company computers were utilized for the logical business of calculating the payroll and monitoring the accounts payable and receivable. As programs were created that offered leaders with data regarding sales, stocks, and other information that would aid in controlling the company, the word MIS emerged to pertain to these types of companies (Cleland, 2006). At present, MIS is utilized widely in various subjects and involves: decision support systems, workforce control programs, project management and database storage programs. The establishment and maintenance of information technology tools helps leaders and the employees in undertaking any activities connected to the analysis of data. MIS and business systems are particularly helpful in the gathering of business information and the generation of reports to be utilized as tools for making choices. SECTION 1 1.1. Company Overview: Toyota Motor Corporation The Toyota Motor Company is one of the biggest car manufacturers in the globe. Toyota has established a reputation as both an engine producer and the manufacturer of luxury vehicles. While the organizations headquarters are still situated in Japan, it has several manufacturing facilities all over the globe and sales departments in various nations where the vehicles are transported (Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site, 2010). Toyota has a distinct business structure and the manner it pursues the vehicle manufacturing with its effective quality standards which developed the industry. Toyotas just-in-time supply-chain idea has turned into a standard for car companies all over the globe. The Toyota Production System (TPS) calls for the finished vehicle to be pulled through the production system (Toyota Production System Global Site: TPS, 2010). By concentrating on smaller manufacturing lots and generating only what clients need when they demand it, Toyota has established a versatility and responsiveness that keeps on becoming the guideline for the industry. Due to its concentration to consistent development, Toyota has obtained die-changeover and machine-set periods that are way ahead of its rivals. Therefore its capability for responding immediately to new market developments makes TPS an effective system in the present days quickly developing world business setting. Toyota understands that it is necessary in guaranteeing quality management and the provision of dependable products to clients (Liker, 2005). The primary advantage of Toyotas management information systems is their capability to merge their corporate objectives all over the world by utilizing their systems properly. For instance, Toyota connects to its clients in various sectors by utilizing various Internet based web systems for various global regions (Hino, 2005). Even though there are numerous Internet sites and networks for each of the global continents, the management information systems all connect back to a global Internet site. 1.2. MIS of Toyota Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System (Toyota WMS) These management information systems offer effective management for warehouses of the whole procedure from the period products are obtained, to storage and location control, to shipment. Individuals, products, and data are addressed, wastes are removed, and everyday enhancements are advocated. The Toyota WMS are tasked to offer an important function in generating comprehensive reports out of huge volumes of warehouse information that would otherwise be primarily considered as junk to decision makers. By analyzing these outputs warehouse management officers of Toyota can determine patterns and trends that would have stayed invisible if the raw information were consulted in manual terms (Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System, 2010). Jidoka If any issue emerges at any point of the manufacturing process, Toyotas error identification system, or Jidoka, determines the problem and allows line workers to make the important measures to resolve it immediately even if that implies stopping the manufacturing process (Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site: Jidoka, 2010). By determining the equipment where the problem initially happened, this management information system makes it more comfortable to determine the cause of the issue and stops defects from developing to the succeeding phases of production. 1.2.3. Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) The Toyota HSD is an innovation to a traditional geared transmission with an electromechanical transmission. Since a car engine provides power effectively only over a limited range of speeds, the crankshaft of the engine is normally connected to a geared transmission by a clutch that enables the person driving to vary the speed that can be produced by the engine to the speed necessary to make the car move (Miller, 2004). The mixture of excellent vehicle design, effective brake systems, electrical energy storage and effective engine design provide the HSD enabled vehicle with critical efficiency benefits. The intense rivalry in the automobile industry with huge penetration and exit expenses has resulted to Toyota in searching for a competitive advantage in their management information systems (Fujimoto, 2001). As the car industry has been affected by huge fuel and crude oil expenses, Toyota has come up with a computerized engine system that tracks engine efficiency and makes power utilization in the car as productive as it can be. 1.2.4. Andons Toyota utilizes management information systems that employ visual controls to immediately convey the status of production. On the production area, for instance, management information systems help inform a worker with a single glance whether the station is operating properly, whether there is something wrong being checked or whether the production has been halted. Management information systems also give critical data like which machine did not operate, the operator and the real time situations when it malfunctioned (Magee, 2007). 1.2.5. PokaYoke Toyota utilizes a variety of these affordable, highly dependable management information systems throughout its production process to stop defects. While computers of Toyota cannot establish business plans by themselves, they surely have helped the management in knowing the impacts of their plans, and aid in the process of effective decision-making (Morgan, 2006). The PokaYoke are tasked to convert information into data helpful for decision making. SECTION 2 Application of MIS in Toyota 2.1. MIS across Departments 2.1.1. Operations The operations of Toyota have been impacted by tremendous developments in technology. Because of this, manufacturing operations within the company have significantly improved. For instance, vehicles and car parts are transported ahead of time, and this prevents large amounts of money from being utilized for storing activities (Fujimoto, 2001). The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System offers remedies for the organization concerning car and process structuring and planning for the smooth flow of operations. The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System aids the organization with regard to the enhancement of the operational procedures (Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System, 2010). The smooth flow of operations is accomplished within Toyota through the Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System, where the structuring of each car model and warehousing processes from the prototyping level to the production phase is attained in one structure (Shingo, 1989). This limits unnecessary repetition of processes and the need for interfaces as data is secured in a centralized system. Excellent coordination with suppliers offers great opportunities for more efficient product development with suppliers via the Internet. Productivity and efficiency in the operations within Toyota is accomplished through the Model-mix structuring and the excellent planning aspects of this MIS. Model-mix structuring allows Toyota to enhance the operational procedures that are important for the organization (Ineak, 2009). The excellent planning options enable effective processing of assembly and parts of make-to-order deals. SAP gathers specialized production orders from Toyotas planning system. The orders include the car parts essential to assemble each car; some Toyota cars, for example, have plenty of components detailed in the list. SAP generates the shipment schedules for each part to match Toyotas assembly-line procedures (SAP, 2007). Toyota delivers these detailed information and precise shipment schedules to its suppliers. The significant suppliers obtain the information through electronic data interchange. Other providers log on to the Toyota online portal, where the company details the provisions to provide the updates on its shipment activities (Hino, 2005). By going to the website of Toyota, suppliers can monitor this information in real time, including release schedules, receipts, and other important information. When they deliver car parts, the suppliers send Toyota shipment details to give them with the latest information in this matter. Car parts going inside the Toyota storage facilities are then obtained and delivered quickly to the line. There, Toyota uses its Jidoka to monitor the assembly process in real time. Jidoka tracks the production verification and consumption information consistently. Parts utilized in the production are removed from the stock list, and costs are presented to detail the value of work in process (Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site, Jidoka, 2010). Customer desires for various Toyota cars warranted a solution that would properly improve and help organize production. These MIS help the organization to reduce order-to shipment period, enhances its supply chain activities with regard to demand analysis and tracking of deliveries, and improves inventory activities all over its establishmentsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ enabling Toyota to significantly reduce time to customer for its excellent vehicles. 2.1.2. Finance In 2003, Toyota started to implement SAP software system which also provides financial information to the finance department of the company and its concerned personnel. The people of the finance department of Toyota analyzes previous and current financial figures, anticipates future financial outputs, and checks and handles the utilization of capital over time by making use of the information generated by SAP (SAP, 2005). The SAP provides options that enable sales and pricing of cars through configuration and monitoring of available parts. Vehicle customization and pricing via the Internet enhanced car sales of Toyota by offering customers with the choice of designing their vehicles. Once the vehicle is designed, the SAP will determine the worth of the vehicles based on the design. Vehicle search enables Toyota to locate vehicles that address the specific designs, accomplishing faster delivery to customers (Hoseus, 2008). 2.1.3. Marketing The SAP helps the marketing operations of the organization with regard to product development, pricing activities, marketing, and sales forecasts. Just like other important company operations, Toyota relies on external sources of data. These sources entail the opinion or feedback of customers. (SAP, 2007) 2.2. Decision Making at the Three Tiers of Management 2.2.1. Operational Level Systems To transform the operational level decision making within Toyota very fundamental and productive, the MIS of Toyota aids in providing and sending reliable information to all executors. The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System is established to enhance the reporting of information that will be important in the proper decision making within the operational level of Toyota. Furthermore, the SAP is able to effectively collect and process data, process results, and able to adjust, cope and address inaccuracies right away. (SAP, 2007) 2.2.2. Management Level Systems The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System has effective internal controls that aid in the management level decision making tasks in Toyota. Information is collected through efficient processing and inner control tracking. An effective internal and outer audit process is utilized within Toyota through the MIS (Magee, 2007). 2.2.3. Strategic Level Systems To have a productive and efficient strategic level decision making, important data within Toyota is processed and handled properly through its Material Handling System. Differences in the way information is collected and documented can change information and trend studies. Also, because data collection and documentation activities will eventually change through time, Toyota management has established flexible methods to allow systems developments through the MIS. These procedures are always well structured, properly informed to employees and has a tracking system that helps in the strategic level decision making of Toyota (Toyota Material Handling USA, 2010). 2.3. Managing Business Processes The integration of various MIS within Toyota is the effect of the integration of system management. The employees and leaders of the company are the users of the MIS who know the present customer demands and also have the capacity to plan the funds for new initiatives. In order to control its business procedures properly, Toyota has persevered in managing ownership that promotes effectiveness in its business processes and helps ensure being responsible. Even though the MIS does not reduce expense altogether, the integration of this essential system, and its properly utilization reduces the periods that wrong decisions in company procedures are accomplished because of inaccurate information (Morgan, 2006). Terrible company decisions simply misuse precious assets. This may result in a negative effect on revenues and/or budget. Conclusion The MIS of Toyota has been proven to provide a great deal of advantages to its various business units. Toyota strives hard to keep discovering new methods to utilize their MIS to accomplish their business goals. While the management information systems of Toyota are totally helpful in producing statistical documents and information analysis they are also utilized as a tool where the leaders and employees of the company agree upon a set of goals for the employees to try to accomplish within a specific time frame. Goals are established utilizing the SMART standard: that is, goals have to be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-Specific. The target of these goals is to offer a set of performance standards by which Toyota can compare the output of a worker or program. The effectiveness of any goal in Toyota relies upon the consistent monitoring of developments. In monitoring this performance it is tremendously helpful for Toyota to make use of its management information systems. Because all goals must be quantifiable they can be monitored through the establishment of management documents to be studied by the leaders of Toyota (Magee 2007). Each market dominant company will have a minimum of one major competency à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ that is, a task or operation they do better than their rivals. In the case of Toyota, by establishing a formidable management information system it became possible for the company to move ahead of its rival companies. The MIS systems of Toyota offer the tools essential to obtain a better knowledge of the market as well as an improved knowledge of the company itself. The establishment of effective MIS in Toyota is the consequence of the implementation of an environment of system ownership. The owner is a system user who understands the present clients and their necessities and also has the capability to finance new programs. Establishing ownership builds confidence in corporate procedures and aids in guaranteeing responsibility. Even though the MIS of Toyota does not completely minimize costs, the establishment of important systems, and their effective usage, will reduce the chances that erratic choices will be done due to unreliable data. Only a management information system that is versatile and effective could undertake such activities economically possible. This management information system not only aids in removing waste, which makes it more friendly to the environment, it also implies that clients can be guaranteed that Toyota cars will adhere to the best standards of quality, dependability and innovation.

My Favourite Book Essay

My favourite book is â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† by Ernest Hemingway. This story is one of the well-known works of the writer. The author depicts the characters of the old man and the boy and their relations very vividly and skillfully. Santiago, the old man, was one of the writer’s beloved characters. The old man was a born fisherman, but he was not a butcher and fished only for a living. He was very lonely. He had a devoted friend – the boy, Manolin. The boy loved the old man for his kind heart, his devotion to the sea. Manolin was like a son to Santiago. He took care of the old man’s food and his belongings. The old man was glad to pass his experience to the boy. He looked forward to going to the sea together with the boy. All Santiago’s life had been in preparation for the battle with big fish. He knew that he had been born for this and it was time to prove it. A strong man at last had met a strong fish. The battle was a difficult one and full of danger. Though the sharks had eaten the fish and nothing had left but the backbone, the old man had morally won the battle. Santiago’s words â€Å"man can be destroyed but not defeated† are the main idea of this story. â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† is a masterpiece for its imaginative language and the description of nature.

“A Flowering of faith: Christianity and Buddhism” Essay

There are many similarities in the teachings of Jesus and Buddha. Most are discussed specifically in their sermons. With Christianity the sermon was called â€Å"Sermon on the Mount†. Jesus went up a mountainside and spoke to his disciples and the crowds of people. It stated the right ways for us to approach God and to deal with other people. This was a collection of sayings, the Gospel of Matthew, stated by Jesus himself. This sermon, which is located in the New Testament, is the longest teaching from Jesus. With Buddhism, Gautama Buddha was known as their spiritual leader. He was said to have â€Å"attained Nirvana† or to have achieved a state where suffering is eliminated through the abandonment of desires. When stated the term, desires, meaning the cause of suffering. There were many ways to differentiate the two sermons, but their similarities were much more. When dealing with the religions, both had separate commandments to abide by. Buddha’s, â€Å"The Noble Eightfold Path†, gave the religion eight rights to remember. Two of the rights in example were â€Å"Right Speech, avoidance of untruth, slander and swearing†, and â€Å"Right Contemplation, of the truth†. In Christianity, â€Å"The Ten Commandments†, was a list of the different rights to acknowledge. In example â€Å"Thou shalt have no other gods before me† and â€Å"Thou shalt not steal†. In the Sermon of the mount, Jesus also stated what he considered the perfect prayer this was called â€Å"The Lord’s Prayer†. This was simply what you should quote if ever you prayed. In the Sermon at Benares, Buddha listed what was called â€Å"The Four Noble Truths†. These were known as the important principles in Buddhism. The four truths are best understood, not as beliefs, but as categories of experience. They more so discussed what we call cause and effect, i.e. the truth about stress is suffering. When dealing with their similarities the main thing they had in common was the enormous faith in them through their disciples. In conclusion, like Jesus, The Buddha set out to teach nothing but good to his people. They both spoke about helping the sick, wisdom, and faith. Their disciples acknowledged them for guidance in life. Although they were two completely different religions, as said before their similarities remained close.

Glass Castle Essay Essays

Glass Castle Essay Essays Glass Castle Essay Essay Glass Castle Essay Essay Essay Topic: The Glass Castle In the book â€Å"The Glass Castle† by Jeannette Walls poverty goes deeper than just low income. Even while Jeannette’s parents had money coming in, they struggled to support their family properly. They went hungry, had no electricity, or even indoor plumbing, so this proposes the question can poverty be caused by more than just low income? Do people actually want to live in poverty? For Jeannette’s parents it sure seems that way. Rex Walls had grown up in a poverty stricken town of Welch. He grew up in â€Å"big worn house† on the â€Å"downhill side of the street† (Walls 130). It smelled of â€Å"mold and cigarettes and unwashed laundry† (Walls 131). However Rose Mary Walls grew up in a very structured home in Texas where her mother made her follow rules and attend college classes to become a teacher. So when Rose Mary grew up and moved away she wanted to live a life opposite of what her mother wanted, she became a free spirit. When on the other hand poverty was all Rex had ever known. I believe this is the major factor that contributed to the Walls’ family being in poverty. Besides growing up in a poverty stricken home and town Rex also grew up with a mother who was an Alcoholic. We find this out when Jeannette tells us about the time she first met Erma and she â€Å" pulled a bottle of whiskey from the pocket of her housedress† (walls 131). She also talks about how she could smell whiskey on her Uncle Stanley’s breath the first time he hugged her. This was the life Rex Walls was accustomed to and so therefore he was comfortable with it. He saw nothing wrong with taking money from his family to go waste in on alcohol because he always some how pulled through for them. : The perfect example of this is when Rose Mary left for the summer for college courses and left Jeanette in charge of the money. The first few weeks went well and Jeanette had managed to make a budget and keep food on the table, then Rex had asked her for money. First it was just five dollars, then another five, and then it was twenty. Jeanette was outraged by this and asked him why he needed the twenty dollars to which he replied â€Å"Goddammit, since when do I have to explain myself to my children? I need money to make money. I’ll pay you back†¦ Have I ever left you down? (Walls 210), and then that Saturday after putting his daughter through torment of being around a drunk, he paid her back. Rex although an intelligent man was a drunk and didn’t know how to provide for his family correctly which meant he was constantly letting them down. On the other hand Rose Mary grew up with loving parents in a nice house with structure, but she hated that life and became a f ree spirit, addicted to the adrenaline Rex brought her. Rose Mary believed children should not be burdened with lots of rules and restrictions. She was a very selfish woman who would refuse to work because she wanted to become an artist. Rose Mary was a certified teacher and could easily receive a job in the towns which the Wall’s had lived because it was difficult to find teachers that had actually graduated from college. Even when Rose Mary would come around and take a teaching job â€Å"she had problems organizing paper work and disciplining her students†, and â€Å"at least one morning a week she’d throw a tantrum and refuse to go to work† (Walls 196). She’d eventually quit her job and the Wall’s once again would not have any money coming in except when Rex performed odd jobs. The life the Walls kids put up with was not the way the wanted to live. When Lori graduated high school she moved to New York City. Then Jeanette’s senior year she moved in with Lori. Brian followed Jeanette’s footsteps, and when Maureen was only twelve she moved in with Lori. While the kids were making better lives for themselves their parents had decided to move to New York as well but remain homeless and in poverty. They slept on park benches and in bushes. They refused to go to shelters because life was more interesting the way they lived it. They eventually moved into an abandoned apartment where others liked them lived, and Maureen moved in. After Rex died, Rose Mary still chose to live a life of poverty. Most people when they hear the word poverty they think of low income families, people who go to homeless shelters, people who work but do not make enough, or those who cannot find a job, but Rex and Rose Mary show us that there can be more to it than just low income. They liked to constantly be on their toes, they liked being completely independent and to always be on the run. Rex’s alcohol addiction and Rose Mary’s unwillingness to work, and her stubbornness to not sell anything she had inherited from her mother took away precious money that could have went to support their family. This book shows that poverty can be cause by more than just low income. Word Count: 881

buy custom International Directory of Company Histories essay

buy custom International Directory of Company Histories essay The company got established in 1921. The founder of the company was Lucius Lowe who established the North Wilkesboro hardware. It got located at North Wilkesboro in North Carolina. His business got inherited by his daughter named Ruth in 1940 when Lowe died. After some months, the daughter sold the company to his brother Jim Lowe. The brother was serving the world war-2 hence did not have time to run the business. He left the business to her mother together with Ruth to run it. Jim took Carl Buchan who was Ruths husband, to be a partner in the business in 1943. It was under Carl management that the store focused on the sale of hardware together with other building materials. Before that time, the company had been selling dry goods, notions, horse tacks, snuff and groceries. Carl decided to change the product mix. In 1949, the company bought a second store in Sparta at Northern Carolina. More stores got opened in the 1950s by the company. The two partners differed on how to expand the business in new areas. In 1952, they split the business. Buchan took control of the building supply and hardware business. Lowe took the joint ventures initially controlled by the two and included a car dealership. Eventually, Buchman became the owner of Lowes while Lowe started a grocery store chains by the name Lowes food in 1954. Other stores got opened by Buchman by 1955 in the states of North Carolina, Durham, harlot and Asheville. He later died in 1960. His company got to the public in 1961 and got sold. Lowe expanded his stores. In 1961, he had more than 21 stores and his revenues got to about 32 million dollars. His businesses got famous in the southeast United States. It suffered in 1980s when there was an increase in competition and market condition due to new Big-box chain. Lowe did not agree to adopt the mega-stores format because the management believed that smaller towns did not support jumbo stores. He later adopted the big-box format so as to survive in the market. To date, his stores are of a big-box variety although there are some classic formats adopted in some states. Since then, Lowe has grown nationally. It gets aided by the garden and Eagle hardware. It happens to be rated as the secod home improvement chain in United States. It has also expanded outside the United States. It started by opening branches in Southern Ontario, Hamilton at the Barton Street. In 25th august 2009, Lowe Company entered into a joint venture with Woolworths Company based, in Australia. The aim was to venture into the Australian market using big-box style super stores. They are trading using the name Masters Home improvement. They opened their first store on 31st august 2011 in Bray brook, in Australia. The company has undergone through a lot of challenges that many businesses can learn. The company has continued to expand every year with reported increase in profits. The Lowe business has participated in the conservation of the environment. Lowe stands out a retailer of products that are energy-efficient. The company got an award for efforts to reduce the green-house gas through his product. The company performs education on consumers about the value of saving the environment through the Energy Star program. Lowe released a policy in 2000 promising that wood products will not be sourced from forests. The CEO of Lowe indicated that the new environmental policy is a considerable victory to the forests. Another effort to conserve the environment is the use of direct deposits for the payrolls in the company. Employees who do not have bank accounts gets a chase pay roll card. The company has an outstanding record in the conservation of the environment. In the company, Full-time hourly employees have a two weeks vacation in every year of service. They also enjoy three weeks vacation after five years. Salaried corporate employees receive two weeks of vacation immediately. The company offers comprehensive services to long-term employees. There is a variety of health benefits that are giving to employees including prepaid legal services. The employees in the company get offered with a wide selection of funds that they can invest. They get allowed to invest in the companys stock. The company gives a baseline match to the employees in the 180 days of service. They can contribute more than 50 % for their paycheck. The company then matches the first 3 % and 6 % after the employee gets enrolled in the program. This plan got to be known as 401(k). The company also offers dental, vision and health plans for full-time employees. However, part-time employees are can access health services as well but in a limited way. The company involves itself in various sponsorship programs. In the year 2006, Lowe began a broadcast sponsorship program in Now York Yankees. They supported the radio broadcast booth where ideas get shared in this program. There are racing competitions sponsored by Lowe. The company purchased the naming rights of an organization known as Charlotte Motor Speedway located in North Carolina. The speedway got renamed as Lowes motor speedway in 1998 up to 2009. It has extended the naming rights as from 2010 racing season. The company has sponsored other speedway motorsport such as Bristol Motor speedway and Atlantic Motor speedway. The corporation is the largest sponsor of the Nascar Sprint Cup five times champion Jimmie Johnson. It is also a partial sponsor of the nationwide team and Chevrolet Impala SS which happens to be owned by Hendricks motorsports. The Fernandez racing in the United States gets sponsorship from Lowe Company. There are challenges faced by Lowe in the business field. The company got involved in a law suit revolving around payment systems. The company did not follow the practice known as variable rate overtime. Every company must face various kinds of challenges. Lowe is a dream company of many people. Their strategies used in marketing their products are unique. Since its establishment in 1940s, it has continued to offer quality products. Time may have changed but, the quality happens to be maintained. We have also seen that the company is in the front line of conserving the environment. The many awards won by the company in the efforts to conserve the environment indicate a commitment to conserve the environment. The involvement of the company in various sponsorship programs helps it to grow further. It is a way of giving back to the society. It is also a way of advertising to the public. The management of various companies should learn from Lowe. They should borrow a leaf. Buy custom International Directory of Company Histories essay

Through representation of poverty in particular ways, NGOs have been Essay

Through representation of poverty in particular ways, NGOs have been more a part of the problem than a part of the solution. Discuss with relevant examples - Essay Example In the media, image representation not only via virtual means but also with the aid of TV ad artists has selectively utilized those disturbing pieces meant to compel uninformed potential donors part with own money (Coulter, 1989). These depictions fail entirely in relaying the exact situation in the developing states whereby through the media end up blindfolding donors in yielding to support their â€Å"humanitarian† antics. Therefore, this study seeks to relay information on how NGOs despite somehow helping grossly have ended up being problem in their destined respective regions. The formation of many NGOs mainly happens with a certain perspective in mind most of which aim at ending poverty in world at large rather than concentrating in a particular region in the world. While their initial intentions are noble, they end up creating a greater problem in the efforts to curb poverty than helping. This is mainly because they do not clearly elucidate goals of their campaign thus they end up not achieving what they had initially intended (Harrison, 2010). Like in the case of the coalition consisting of various NGOs forming a campaign dubbed â€Å"Making Poverty History† (MPH) in 2003, their focus was on the G8 summit which was to happen in 2005. Their original purpose was to end poverty globally rather than concentrating on a particular segment especially Africa which already had been a matter of discussion for several years (Harrison, 2010, p. 393). The minimal use of images in illustrating poverty conditions diminished their efforts since there was no cle ar representation of what the true condition of poverty was. Their resolution not to specifically use Africa in their main agenda to end poverty blurred the significance of imagery representation. Therefore, instead of them otherwise choosing an image representation elsewhere they

Math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Math - Essay Example In other words, they are positively correlated. However, it is important to note that some of the data indicate that at some levels of income ($ 52,000 and $ 66,000), the amount spent on cars decrease when compared to lower levels ($ 38,000 and $ 40,000). There are a few more values which differ from the rest. However, most of the data indicate that the relationship is positive. The Correlation coefficient is positive confirming the positive association between the two variables. Also, the value of the coefficient is 0.89 which indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. B. What is the direction of causality in this relationship - i.e. does having a more expensive car make you earn more money, or does earning more money make you spend more on your car? In other words, define one of these variables as your dependent variable (Y) and one as your independent variable (X). In order to identify the direction of causality, the two variables are analyzed objectively. When a person spends more money on the car, it does not have any effect on his income. Hence it is evident that the amount spent on the car does not affect or have an influence on the annual income of the person. However, when a person’s annual income increases, he is more likely to spend higher on the car. In other words, annual income is the cause and the amount spent on car is the effect. Hence the annual income is the independent variable (X) and the amount spent on the car is the dependent variable (Y). The amount spent on the car (Y) depends on the annual income (X). C. What method do you think would be best for testing the relationship between your dependent and independent variable, ANOVA or regression? Explain your reasoning thoroughly with a discussion of both methods. Correlation establishes the association between two variables, however does not indicate the direction of causation

Humanities-issues in science and societies proposal Essay

Humanities-issues in science and societies proposal - Essay Example Topic One: Wind farms are known to affect birds through collision, displacement, barrier effects and habitat loss (Drewitt and Langston, 2006). There is some debate about how serious the impact on fish might be (Wahlberg and Westerberg, 2005). Human beings complain about certain impact on the beauty of natural landscapes, and there are suggestions that living near wind farms negatively causes an illness called â€Å"Wind Turbine Syndrome† (Pierpoint, 2009). Topic Two: Wind farms are using increasingly larger turbines, and though this may look more cost effective than smaller turbines, there are significant operation and maintenance costs to consider (â€Å"Operation and Maintenance Costs,† n.d.). Conclusion: This paper has shown that wind farms have been represented by proponents of green science and politics as an answer to mankind’s need for energy that does not depend on the burning of fossil fuels or the creation of risky nuclear power stations. The evidence shows that there is indeed a place for wind farms in energy planning. These facilities are, however, not as ecologically friendly as one might think, and the cost of building and managing them makes it unlikely that they will ever contribute more than a small proportion of human energy

Charachter Analysis Atticus Finch Essay Example for Free

Charachter Analysis Atticus Finch Essay In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch is a man who fights for what he believes in. He is very strong willed and always the one who will stand up for what is right, not what the most popular thing is to do. He also is often reffered to as the wisest man in his town. Atticus believes in equality among people. In his mind all people are equal and deserve equal treatment no matter what race they are. Atticus tells Jem and Scout, his two children, not to judge people until you walk in their shoes. Atticus is also a defense lawyer for his county of Maycomb. Durring his case with Tom Robinson, the black that was accused of raping a white girl, Atticus tries to change the injustices and racism in his small hometown. Atticus is a older male, about 50 years old, with a darker hair color that is turning gray as he ages. He wears glasses because his left eye is nearly blind. He said â€Å"Left eyes are the tribal curse of the Finches. He is also rather tall. His two children were once ashamed of him, because he didn’t fish or hunt, like the other childrens fathers, due to his age. But as they grew, they began appreciating him not for the activities he did on the weekend, but his morals and beliefs. Atticus is one of the most loyal, humane, and consistent with his views and beliefs than any other character in the novel. Miss Maudie states, Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is on the public streets. His intelligence, calm wisdom, courage, humility, lack of prejudice, and strong sense of justice, causes him to be respected by everyone, including the very poor and black people. Although he is looked down on and mocked by many characters in the novel for his kindness towards the â€Å"Negros†, the people of Maycomb still respect him and keep re-electing him to be their representative in the State Legislator. Durring the trial with Tom Robinson, Atticus Finch defendes him to the best of his ability despite significant difficulties from the community. Since it was back in the time of civil unrest and racial segregation. This had a huge impact on the community, as Atticus Finch was a highly respected attorney in the white community, who ended up drawing the most adoration and respect from the entire black community for his efforts to stand up for the truth regardless of race. Atticus is a strong willed man who stands for what he belives in. His thoughts do not change because of a persons skin color. He is kind and understanding and helpful to his children as well as anyone else who may seek for help. He is a well respected man in Maycomb, because he stands for what he believes, not the popular beliefs.

Trusted Systems: Protecting Sensitive Information :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Introduction With the widespread use of the internet, networked applications have expanded to provide many services that a few years ago would have seemed impractical or futuristic. Among them are applications that allow you to find your perfect date, to file your taxes online, rent movies or even to send away gifts you don’t like. With the proliferation of the internet the demand for programs that use information in more complicated and advanced ways has risen. Commercial entities have come forward to fulfill this demand, and the internet has become the center for many applications driven by information. As information use and sharing among applications becomes more desirable we have seen the downside of sensitive information being accessible to entities for which it was not intended. When we look at the development goals of the internet and of computer networks in general we can easily see the contradictory goals that protecting privacy would present. The internet was developed by people who saw great potential in being able to share scientific and military information quickly and easily between computers. Concerns about the privacy of information created by the new applications mentioned above, give us the goal of making sure that information is only accessible by the entities that it is intended for. By definition this means making information sharing more difficult as we don’t want a legitimate user of information to be able to share that information with someone who does not have a legitimate right. For example if I submit my personal information to an insurance company, I don’t want the insurance company to share my information with others who might use it to send me advertisements or for more sinister purposes. Current computer systems a nd networks have been built with the first goal of ubiquitous access and information sharing in mind. Therefore protecting sensitive information requires us to completely rethink the way that computer systems are designed. Potentially there are two routes that we could take. One is to allow computer systems and the internet to enjoy the free architecture that they have at present but to prosecute violators with strict laws on information security. The other is to completely redesign computer systems with the additional goal that information should only be accessible by parties that the owner of the information trusts.

Effects of Nurse Staffing on Patients Outcomes Essay

This study focuses on the issue of nursing staffing and its effects on the outcomes of the patients. To begin with, the tem nursing staffing will be defined and followed by a discussion of nursing staffing in relation to the nurses themselves. Nursing staffing levels and their effects on the patient outcomes will also be discussed with regards to morbidity and mortality besides other indicators of patient outcomes, the impact of nursing staffing levels to quality of care as well as an overview of past studies as far as the relationship between nursing staffing levels and the outcome of the patient is concerned. Nursing staffing The term nursing staffing refers to the levels of nurses that are employed at a particular institution. Normally, the nursing staffing levels are measured as ratios of nurses to their patients within their institutions and the higher the ratio, the more preferred as it is thought to mean a better outcome for patients in their care whereas lower ratios are associated with poorer patient outcomes. Nursing staffing and the nurses Nursing staffing has been investigated with the nurses themselves in mind and such studies have included the Schmalenberg and Kramer study of 2009 which sought to establish and assess the factors that influence the perceptions or the opinions of nurses as far as nursing staffing levels are concerned. Nursing staffing has also been studied with regards to the negative effects on the nurses such as nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction such as the study carried out by Aiken et al in 2002. As far as international literature is concerned, most of the studies that look at the impact of nursing staffing on the nurses themselves concentrates on adverse outcomes such as physical injuries, encounters with aggression and violence, sickness and absenteeism, self reports of job satisfaction levels as well as burnout. According to the study by Schmalenberg and Kramer (2009), the nurses’ opinion of their working environment is a strong predictor of their opinions as far as the staffing of their units and of their institutions is concerned. Additionally, the factors that were found to profoundly affect this opinion are the competence of the staff, teamwork, flexible delivery system, and a balance of positions in relation to the needs of the patients that are under their care. The study by Aiken et al in 2002 revealed that there was a higher chance of nurses experiencing job related burnout in hospitals with high Patient nurse ratios. Further, nurses in institutions which had the highest rates of patient to nurse ratios were twice likely to suffer from dissatisfaction from their jobs. These influenced the decisions of nurses to leave their current jobs and thus creating more staffing problems that would lead to more negative patient outcomes. Nursing Staffing and the Patient There are various outcomes that are thought to be directly related to the staffing of nurses in any institution are associated with the patients, such as morbidity mortality, nosocomial infections, falls, pressure ulcers, suicide, and length of hospital stay, medication errors, post operative complications, infection rates and adverse events such as cardiac or respiratory arrests, most of which are negative patient outcomes (Flynn and Mckeown, 2009). There are various studies that have focused on this relationship such as the study by Aiken et al in 2002 however, according to Liang et al (2012); most of these studies have been carried out in western countries. Flynn and Mckeown also studied the relationship between the patient outcome and the nurse staff levels in a bid to identify information that would enable nursing managers to determine the optimum nursing staff levels. The quality of care that is given in nursing homes, which is also an antecedent of the patient outcome has been investigated in studies such as the study done by Castle and Engberg min 2003. Some of the studies that have been used to investigate the relationship between patient mortality as an outcome of nursing staffing levels have been cross sectional and critics have argued that these have failed to include a direct link between staffing and individual patient experiences besides lacking sufficient statistical controls (Needleman et al 2011). One of the patients’ outcomes that have been associated with low levels of nursing staffing is the mortality of patients (Aiken et al 2002). This study was carried out in Pennsylvania hospitals whereby the patients to nurses’ ratio were in the range of 4:1 to 8:1. In the course of the study, 4535 out of 232 342 surgical patients died within thirty days (Aiken et al 2002). This study concluded that four patients less for every nurse would reduce in fewer deaths in the same time and not just in the surgical wards but among all the patients hospitalized in California (Aiken et al 2002). A study by Liang et al in 2012 confirmed the relationship between nursing staffing levels and patient mortality. Cho et al also investigated the relationship between nurse staffing and negative effects such as morbidity, mortality and medical costs. Nurse staffing levels were considered as nursing hours and as nurse proportions and the higher the number of patients that a nurse was supposed to take care of, the higher the rate of mortalities and complications such as atelectasis and pressure ulcers among others in post operative pneumonia patients (2003). This was attributed to the higher than usual demands of taking care of these patients which demanded lower patient to nurse ratios. In yet another study by Kiekkas et al in 2008, the relationship between nursing overload and mortality among intensive care unit patients was investigated whereby the nursing workload was considered the result of total patient care demands and nurse staffing levels. Of the three hundred and ninety six patients who were admitted in the intensive care unit of a Greek Hospital, one hundred and two of them died. The workload of the nurses was found to be significant especially as far as mortality as an outcome was concerned in surgical patients, medical patients, and both groups together which indicated that patient care demands were an important moderator in the course of investigating the relationship between nursing staff levels and mortality (Kiekkas et al, 2008). Staffing of nurses and work environment variables have been assessed with regards to their effects on patient outcomes in a conceptual model by Meyer et al in 2009. The study was carried out in Canadian hospitals in their cardiac and cardiovascular patient units whereby the PCDM together with regression models was tested. PCDM in this case is an acronym for the Patient Care Delivery Model and in addition to confirming the relationship between nurse staffing levels and patients outcomes , the study indicated that patient outcome are also the result of factors associated with patients themselves as well as factors associated with the nurses (Meyer et al, 2009. Additionally, Liang et al established some of the reasons behind the high patient to nurse ratio in Taiwan most prominent of which was the desire of hospitals to control their expenditure but which had negative outcomes for its patients. Flynn and Mckeown in 2009 found out that it was important for nurse managers and others that are involved in the recruitment of nurses to critically examine the common methods that are used for the purposes of determining nursing skill mix as well as staffing levels in their effectiveness in the course of health service organization and delivery. This is in spite of the fact that most studies have been unable to accurately determine or support a minimum level of nurse-patient ratios in various hospitals (Flynn and Mckeown, 2009). Castle and Engberg in 2009 proposed that poor staffing in nursing homes was the result of high rates of turnover among the patients, low staffing levels, low stability levels and low use of agency staff and that poor staffing in nursing homes is accompanied by poor patient outcomes. However, in order to enhance staffing in nursing homes, administrators should focus on all and not just a few select characteristics (Castle and Engberg, 2009). In response to the failure of cross sectional studies to establish or demonstrate a direct link between levels of nursing staffing and patient experiences besides lack of statistical controls, Needleman et al carried out their own study of the nursing staffing levels and the outcomes of the patients in 2011. This study utilized the Cox proportional hazards model and established that the staffing of nurses below the recommended levels was related to patient mortality. Conclusion This study has been a literature review with regards to nursing staffing levels and patient outcomes. The definition of nursing staffing has been defined as well as the effects of nursing staffing on the nurses themselves besides the effects of nursing staffing levels on the patient outcomes. This has been done with various studies that have been done in the past concerning the subject.